今天禁不住诱惑，又买了一本。也算是在英国买的最后一本书吧，再多了恐怕真有些看不过来了。
书名：The Analysis of Time Series
作者：Chris Chatfield
Reader in Statistics at the University of Bath, UK
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价29.99英镑
Alice sighed wearily. 'I think you might do something better with the time,' she said, 'than waste it in asking riddles that have no answers.'
'If you knew time as well as I do,' said the Hatter, 'you wouldn't talk about wasting it. It's him.'
'I don't know what you mean,' said Alice.
'Of course you don't!' the Hatter said, tossing his head contemptuously. 'I dare say you never even spoke to Time!'
'Perhaps not,' Alice cautiously replied, 'but I know I have to beat time when I learn music.'
Ah! that accounts for it,' said the Hatter. 'He won't stand beating.'
Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventure in Wonderland
星期二, 二月 15, 2005
星期一, 二月 14, 2005
罗列暂告一个段落
我的此类私藏加起来快到五十本了吧，今天就不一一罗列了，尽管未列出的书目中还有十几本十分钟重要的参考书。自然，银子是未曾少化的，由以列的书目可见一斑。
其中有很多题目，甚至像《数量遗传学导论》这样非常入门的书，出国之前很多还是似懂非懂，短短不到四年，很多大部头的书俺读起来亦是举重若轻：随便翻开一页，发现这个俺懂；再随便翻开一页，发现这个俺也懂——这真是一种美妙的感觉。由此亦可发现，即便读书，捷径也是存在的。何况俺这四年比起在国内的四月，并没有多勤奋多少。
又：后面的藏书也许咱也不能罗列在此了。很多人对我提起，国内不能访问blogspot。曾经我对别人提起我是“中华教”的信徒，这其中复杂的因素一下子也很难说清楚。光辉伟大的字眼说起来就烦。没有人不烦。但是国内有些做法，对像我这样的人来说，恶心头顶。
不说也罢，偶今后两耳不闻窗外事，一心只读圣贤书。希望我不关心别人的时候，别人都来关心我，天助自助者！这个也可以叫做The New Year Resolutions罢。
其中有很多题目，甚至像《数量遗传学导论》这样非常入门的书，出国之前很多还是似懂非懂，短短不到四年，很多大部头的书俺读起来亦是举重若轻：随便翻开一页，发现这个俺懂；再随便翻开一页，发现这个俺也懂——这真是一种美妙的感觉。由此亦可发现，即便读书，捷径也是存在的。何况俺这四年比起在国内的四月，并没有多勤奋多少。
又：后面的藏书也许咱也不能罗列在此了。很多人对我提起，国内不能访问blogspot。曾经我对别人提起我是“中华教”的信徒，这其中复杂的因素一下子也很难说清楚。光辉伟大的字眼说起来就烦。没有人不烦。但是国内有些做法，对像我这样的人来说，恶心头顶。
不说也罢，偶今后两耳不闻窗外事，一心只读圣贤书。希望我不关心别人的时候，别人都来关心我，天助自助者！这个也可以叫做The New Year Resolutions罢。
C++编程语言（第三版）
书名：The C++ Programming Language (Third Edition)
作者：Bjarne Stroustrup
AT&T Labs Murray Hill, New Jersey
Preface
This book introduces standard C++† and the key programming and design techniques supportedby C++. Standard C++ is a far more powerful and polished language than the version of C++ introducedby the first edition of this book. New language features such as namespaces, exceptions,templates, and runtimetype identification allow many techniques to be applied more directly thanwas possible before, and the standard library allows the programmer to start from a much higherlevel than the bare language.
About a third of the information in the second edition of this book came from the first. Thisthird edition is the result of a rewrite of even larger magnitude. It offers something to even themost experienced C++ programmer; at the same time, this book is easier for the novice to approachthan its predecessors were. The explosion of C++ use and the massive amount of experience accumulatedas a result makes this possible.
The definition of an extensive standard library makes a difference to the way C++ concepts canbe presented. As before, this book presents C++ independently of any particular implementation,and as before, the tutorial chapters present language constructs and concepts in a "bottom up" order so that a construct is used only after it has been defined. However, it is much easier to use awelldesignedlibrary than it is to understand the details of its implementation. Therefore, the standardlibrary can be used to provide realistic and interesting examples well before a reader can beassumed to understand its inner workings. The standard library itself is also a fertile source of programmingexamples and design techniques.
__________________
† ISO/IEC 14882, Standard for the C++ Programming Language.
作者：Bjarne Stroustrup
AT&T Labs Murray Hill, New Jersey
Preface
Programming is understanding.
- Kristen Nygaard
I find using C++ more enjoyable than ever. C++’s support for design and programming hasimproved dramatically over the years, and lots of new helpful techniques have been developed forits use. However, C++ is not just fun. Ordinary practical programmers have achieved significantimprovements in productivity, maintainability, flexibility, and quality in projects of just about anykind and scale. By now, C++ has fulfilled most of the hopes I originally had for it, and also succeededat tasks I hadn’t even dreamt of.This book introduces standard C++† and the key programming and design techniques supportedby C++. Standard C++ is a far more powerful and polished language than the version of C++ introducedby the first edition of this book. New language features such as namespaces, exceptions,templates, and runtimetype identification allow many techniques to be applied more directly thanwas possible before, and the standard library allows the programmer to start from a much higherlevel than the bare language.
About a third of the information in the second edition of this book came from the first. Thisthird edition is the result of a rewrite of even larger magnitude. It offers something to even themost experienced C++ programmer; at the same time, this book is easier for the novice to approachthan its predecessors were. The explosion of C++ use and the massive amount of experience accumulatedas a result makes this possible.
The definition of an extensive standard library makes a difference to the way C++ concepts canbe presented. As before, this book presents C++ independently of any particular implementation,and as before, the tutorial chapters present language constructs and concepts in a "bottom up" order so that a construct is used only after it has been defined. However, it is much easier to use awelldesignedlibrary than it is to understand the details of its implementation. Therefore, the standardlibrary can be used to provide realistic and interesting examples well before a reader can beassumed to understand its inner workings. The standard library itself is also a fertile source of programmingexamples and design techniques.
__________________
† ISO/IEC 14882, Standard for the C++ Programming Language.
生物信息学——基因、蛋白质和计算机
书名：Bioinformatics – Genes, Proteins & Computers
作者：C. A. Orengo, D. T. Jones & J. M. Thornton
CO: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
DJ: Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
JT: European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价29.99英镑
作者：C. A. Orengo, D. T. Jones & J. M. Thornton
CO: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
DJ: Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
JT: European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价29.99英镑
遗传分析导论 （第七版）
书名：An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (7th edition)
作者：Anthony J. F. Griffiths, Jeffrey H. Miller, David T. Suzuki, Richard C. Lewontin, and William M. Gelbart
AG: University of British Columbia
JM: University of California, Los Angeles
DS: University of British Columbia
RL: Harvard University
WG: Harvard University
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价35.99英镑
作者：Anthony J. F. Griffiths, Jeffrey H. Miller, David T. Suzuki, Richard C. Lewontin, and William M. Gelbart
AG: University of British Columbia
JM: University of California, Los Angeles
DS: University of British Columbia
RL: Harvard University
WG: Harvard University
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价35.99英镑
用于生命科学的现代统计学
书名：Modern Statistics for the Life of Science
作者：Alan Grafen & Rosie Hails
University of Oxford
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价27.99英镑
作者：Alan Grafen & Rosie Hails
University of Oxford
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价27.99英镑
数量性状的遗传学与分析
书名：Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits
作者：Michael Lynch & Bruce Walsh
ML: University of Oregon
BW: University of Arizona
Preface
With the emerging recognition that the expression of most characters is influenced by multiple genes and multiple environmental factors, quantitative genetics has become the central paradigm for the analysis of phenotypic variation and evolution. The historical development of the field is like that of a braided stream whose final destination has not been reached. Virtually all of quantitative genetics draws upon basic theoretical foundations laid down in the first third of this century, largely by Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright. However, practical applications of this theory did not become common until the 1950s, and these were restricted almost entirely to agricultural settings. Plant and animal breeders subsequently diverged towards radically different modes of experimental design and analysis, perhaps because of the different population structures of crop plants and domesticated animals in academia. Even today, at many major universities, separate courses in quantitative genetics are taught in departments of plant and animal science.
Only in the 1970s and 1980s did evolutionary biologists begin to fully embrace quantitative genetics as a major tool in both theoretical and empirical analysis. Many evolutionary quantitative geneticists are only vaguely aware of the extent to which the statistical machinery of the field traces to earlier work by animal and plant breeders as well as to work by the statistician Karl Pearson (an ardent non-Mendelian) at the turn of the century. Over the past few decades, human geneticists have also been progressively adopting quantitative-genetic approaches as the primary mode of analysis of genetic disorders. This work is largely unknown to (and generally uninformed by) those in the fields of breeding and evolutionary genetics.
In the mid 1980s, we realized that an integration of these disparate and semi-independent subdisciplines might be a useful contribution to the field of quantitative genetics at large. Our goal was to bring together the diverse array of theoretical and empirical applications of quantitative genetics under one cover, in a way that would be both comprehensive and accessible to anyone with a rudimentary understanding of statistics and genetics. As we ventured into a lot of unfamiliar territory, we gradually discovered that we had substantially underestimated the enormity of the task. So here we are, a decade later, about halfway to our final destination. What we originally envisioned as a single volume has now become two, with the focus of this book being on the basic biology and methods of analysis of quantitative characters.
We have tried to write this book in a way that will encourage its use as a textbook in quantitative genetics. But the book also provides a thorough enough coverage of the literature so that it should be useful as a basic reference. Throughout, we have attempted to develop central theoretical concepts from first principles. To aid the less statistical sophisticated reader, we have included several chapters and appendices that review essentially all of the statistical tools employed in the book. Wherever possible, we have illustrated theoretical and analytical concepts with empirical examples from diverse settings. Both of our backgrounds are in evolutionary genetics, however, and a certain amount of bias may have crept in.
Today’s quantitative genetics is not the science that it was 25 (or even 10) years ago. Three major developments are particularly noteworthy. First, largely motivated by the work of Russell Lande in the 1970s and early 1980s, there has been an explosive influx of quantitative-genetic thinking in to evolutionary biology. It was, in fact, this dramatic refocusing of many evolutionary problems that first precipitated our interest in producing a book – most existing texts in quantitative genetics give little (and often no) attention to the great accomplishments that have been made in evolutionary biology. Thus, it is now ironic that much of our discussion of this work will be postponed to our second volume, Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits.
A second major development occurred in animal breeding. Here, enormous strides have been made in the development of new techniques for estimating breeding values (for the purposes of identifying elite individuals in selection programs) and for estimating variance components form samples of complex pedigrees. Although the foundation for many of these techniques was outlined in a remarkable series of papers by Charles Henderson in the 1960s and 1970s, their widespread application awaited the development of high-speed computers. Numerous technical treaties exist on these techniques, but their general absence form basic text books has endowed them with a certain mystique. In the last two chapters of this book, we have attempted to outline the basic principles of complex pedigree analysis, without getting greatly bogged down in technical details.
Third, in the past five years, as molecular markers have become widely available and economically feasible, there has been a rapid proliferation of new methods for detecting, locating, and characterizing quantitative-trait loci (QTLs). Currently one of most active fields of quantitative-genetic research, QTL analysis was a mere dream when we embarked on this book. Thus, one benefit of our slow writing is the fact that we have been able to provide an up-to-date report on the exciting achievements of QTL analysis. Although a full integration of quantitative genetics and molecular genetics is still a long way off, with the recruitment of molecular biologists in the field we can anticipate great advances in the near future.
Over the past couple of years, we have heard a number of colleagues, some quite prominent, make statements like “quantitative genetics is dead,” a rather hard thing to take when we have spent 10 years writing a treatise on the subjects! There are indeed some people who would dearly like to embrace this obituary as a rationale for ignoring a technically demanding field. However, the reality is that as a tool for the analysis of complex characters, quantitative genetics is as alive as it has ever been. What may be dead (or at least much less viable than we originally thought) is the simple caricature of traits being influenced by an effectively infinite number of loci with very small, additive effects. As we try to emphasize throughout this book, quantitative genetics is still fully capable of accommodating characters with small numbers of loci (even single loci), nonadditive genetic effects, non-Mendelian inheritance, and other genetic complexities. Indeed, the current machinery of quantitative genetics stands waiting (and its practitioners willing) to incorporate the fine genetic details of complex traits being elucidated by molecular and developmental biologists.
In spite of our best efforts, it is likely that a few errors have escaped scrutiny. Hopefully, they will be trivial and obvious, but Murphy’s Law suggests otherwise. Likewise, many of the methods we discuss can be computationally very demanding. To address both of these issues, we have set up a World Wide Web home page to post listings of detected errors and links to recent programs. The URL is http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zbook/book.html; interested parties should contact BW at jbwalsh@u.arizona.edu for further information.
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价61.99英镑
作者：Michael Lynch & Bruce Walsh
ML: University of Oregon
BW: University of Arizona
Preface
With the emerging recognition that the expression of most characters is influenced by multiple genes and multiple environmental factors, quantitative genetics has become the central paradigm for the analysis of phenotypic variation and evolution. The historical development of the field is like that of a braided stream whose final destination has not been reached. Virtually all of quantitative genetics draws upon basic theoretical foundations laid down in the first third of this century, largely by Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright. However, practical applications of this theory did not become common until the 1950s, and these were restricted almost entirely to agricultural settings. Plant and animal breeders subsequently diverged towards radically different modes of experimental design and analysis, perhaps because of the different population structures of crop plants and domesticated animals in academia. Even today, at many major universities, separate courses in quantitative genetics are taught in departments of plant and animal science.
Only in the 1970s and 1980s did evolutionary biologists begin to fully embrace quantitative genetics as a major tool in both theoretical and empirical analysis. Many evolutionary quantitative geneticists are only vaguely aware of the extent to which the statistical machinery of the field traces to earlier work by animal and plant breeders as well as to work by the statistician Karl Pearson (an ardent non-Mendelian) at the turn of the century. Over the past few decades, human geneticists have also been progressively adopting quantitative-genetic approaches as the primary mode of analysis of genetic disorders. This work is largely unknown to (and generally uninformed by) those in the fields of breeding and evolutionary genetics.
In the mid 1980s, we realized that an integration of these disparate and semi-independent subdisciplines might be a useful contribution to the field of quantitative genetics at large. Our goal was to bring together the diverse array of theoretical and empirical applications of quantitative genetics under one cover, in a way that would be both comprehensive and accessible to anyone with a rudimentary understanding of statistics and genetics. As we ventured into a lot of unfamiliar territory, we gradually discovered that we had substantially underestimated the enormity of the task. So here we are, a decade later, about halfway to our final destination. What we originally envisioned as a single volume has now become two, with the focus of this book being on the basic biology and methods of analysis of quantitative characters.
We have tried to write this book in a way that will encourage its use as a textbook in quantitative genetics. But the book also provides a thorough enough coverage of the literature so that it should be useful as a basic reference. Throughout, we have attempted to develop central theoretical concepts from first principles. To aid the less statistical sophisticated reader, we have included several chapters and appendices that review essentially all of the statistical tools employed in the book. Wherever possible, we have illustrated theoretical and analytical concepts with empirical examples from diverse settings. Both of our backgrounds are in evolutionary genetics, however, and a certain amount of bias may have crept in.
Today’s quantitative genetics is not the science that it was 25 (or even 10) years ago. Three major developments are particularly noteworthy. First, largely motivated by the work of Russell Lande in the 1970s and early 1980s, there has been an explosive influx of quantitative-genetic thinking in to evolutionary biology. It was, in fact, this dramatic refocusing of many evolutionary problems that first precipitated our interest in producing a book – most existing texts in quantitative genetics give little (and often no) attention to the great accomplishments that have been made in evolutionary biology. Thus, it is now ironic that much of our discussion of this work will be postponed to our second volume, Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits.
A second major development occurred in animal breeding. Here, enormous strides have been made in the development of new techniques for estimating breeding values (for the purposes of identifying elite individuals in selection programs) and for estimating variance components form samples of complex pedigrees. Although the foundation for many of these techniques was outlined in a remarkable series of papers by Charles Henderson in the 1960s and 1970s, their widespread application awaited the development of high-speed computers. Numerous technical treaties exist on these techniques, but their general absence form basic text books has endowed them with a certain mystique. In the last two chapters of this book, we have attempted to outline the basic principles of complex pedigree analysis, without getting greatly bogged down in technical details.
Third, in the past five years, as molecular markers have become widely available and economically feasible, there has been a rapid proliferation of new methods for detecting, locating, and characterizing quantitative-trait loci (QTLs). Currently one of most active fields of quantitative-genetic research, QTL analysis was a mere dream when we embarked on this book. Thus, one benefit of our slow writing is the fact that we have been able to provide an up-to-date report on the exciting achievements of QTL analysis. Although a full integration of quantitative genetics and molecular genetics is still a long way off, with the recruitment of molecular biologists in the field we can anticipate great advances in the near future.
Over the past couple of years, we have heard a number of colleagues, some quite prominent, make statements like “quantitative genetics is dead,” a rather hard thing to take when we have spent 10 years writing a treatise on the subjects! There are indeed some people who would dearly like to embrace this obituary as a rationale for ignoring a technically demanding field. However, the reality is that as a tool for the analysis of complex characters, quantitative genetics is as alive as it has ever been. What may be dead (or at least much less viable than we originally thought) is the simple caricature of traits being influenced by an effectively infinite number of loci with very small, additive effects. As we try to emphasize throughout this book, quantitative genetics is still fully capable of accommodating characters with small numbers of loci (even single loci), nonadditive genetic effects, non-Mendelian inheritance, and other genetic complexities. Indeed, the current machinery of quantitative genetics stands waiting (and its practitioners willing) to incorporate the fine genetic details of complex traits being elucidated by molecular and developmental biologists.
In spite of our best efforts, it is likely that a few errors have escaped scrutiny. Hopefully, they will be trivial and obvious, but Murphy’s Law suggests otherwise. Likewise, many of the methods we discuss can be computationally very demanding. To address both of these issues, we have set up a World Wide Web home page to post listings of detected errors and links to recent programs. The URL is http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zbook/book.html; interested parties should contact BW at jbwalsh@u.arizona.edu for further information.
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价61.99英镑
群体遗传学原理 （第三版）
书名：Principles of Population Genetics (3rd edition)
作者：Daniel L. Hartl and Andrew G. Clark
DH: Harvard University
AC: Pennsylvania State University
Preface
Thanks in part to the power of molecular methods, population genetics has been reinvigorated. As some genome projects are approaching closure and methods of “functional genomics” are scaling up to identify the roles of novel genes; inevitably increasing attention is being paid to the significance of genetic variation in populations. Nowhere is this more evident than in medical genetics. Within a decade we can expect that all major single-gene inherited disorders will be identified, genetically mapped, cloned, and characterized at a fine molecular level. Health professional realize that this impressive feat will have an impact only on a small minority of individuals. Most of the genetic variation in disease risk is multifactorial, which means that risk is determined by multiple genetic and environmental factors acting together. Killer diseases such as familial forms of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease fall into this category. The face that these disease aggregate in families implies that there is probably a genetic component, but the genetic component may differ from one family or ethnic group to another. Prompted by the high incidence of multifactorial diseases as a group, the medical community has become acutely aware of the need to understand the basic structure of genetic variation in populations in order to determine what aspects of the variation cause disease.
The exciting practical applications of population genetics to the analysis of multifactorial diseases have received great attention, but the scope of population genetics actually is much broader. Population genetics provides the genetic underpinning for all of evolutionary biology. By “evolution” we mean descent with modification as they adapt to their environments, and new species arise as a by-product of this process. The intellectual excitement of biological evolution arises from the fact that it addresses the fundamental questions, “hat are we?” and “where did we come from?”
Patterns of evolutionary history are recorded in DNA sequences, and the application of population genetics to interpreting DNA sequences is revealing many secrets about the evolutionary past, including the history of our own species. But population genetics embraces much more than the analysis of evolutionary relationships. It is particularly concerned with the processes and mechanisms by which evolutionary changes are made. The field is inherently multidisciplinary, cutting across molecular biology, systematics, natural history, plant breeding, animal breeding, conservation and wildlife management, human genetics, sociology, anthropology, mathematics, and statistics.
Students taking population genetics are usually expected to have completed, or to be taking concurrently, a course in differential calculus. While this book assumes a familiarity with the elementary notation for differentials and integrals, it does not require great mathematical proficiency. We have kept the mathematics to a minimum. On the other hand, some of the most important models in population genetics require quite advanced mathematics. Rather than ignore these approaches, we have made a concerted effort to present these models in such a way that the assumptions can be understood and the main results appreciated without much mathematics. References are provided for the interested reader to learn more about the details.
Several important changes distinguish the third edition of Principles from the second edition. The level of the treatment is more tailored to the needs of a one-semester or one-quarter course, with the intended audience being third- and forth-year undergraduates as well as beginning graduate students. Population genetics is not only an experimental science but also a theoretical one. Special care has been taken to explain the biological motivation behind the theoretical models so that the models do not simply materialized out of thin air, and to explain in plain English the implications of the results. Many concepts are illustrated by numerical examples, using actual data wherever possible. Special topics and examples are often set off from the text as boxed problems whose solutions are explained step by step. Every chapter ends with about 20 problems, graded in difficulty, and solutions worked in full appear at the end of the text.
This edition of Principles is organized into nine chapters that gradually build concepts from measuring variation and the various forces that influence genetic variation through a sequential progression to concepts from measuring variation and the various forces that influence genetic variation through a sequential progression to concepts of molecular population genetics and quantitative genetics and quantitative genetics. The first chapter provides a background in basic genetic and statistical principles. We discuss the fundamental concepts of allelism, dominance, segregating, recombination, and population frequencies. The role of model building and testing in population genetics is emphasized. Chapter 2 introduces the student to the primary data of population genetics, namely, the many levels of genetic variation. Chapter 3 is concerned with the organization of genetic variation. Chapter 3 is concerned with the organization of genetic variation into genotypes in populations. Here the Hardy-Weinberg principle gets very thorough coverate, including the cases of X-linkage and multiple alleles. Chapter 4
The goal of population genetics is to understand the forces that have an impact on levels of genetic variation. The forces of mutation, recombination, and migration are outlined in Chapter 5. Darwinian selection is the topic of Chapter 6, including both the theoretical foundations and empirical observations of the dynamics of gene-frequency change under the action of selection. Haploid and diploid cases are developed, as are the concepts of equilibrium, stability, and context dependence. After classical models of mutation-selection balance are developed, a series of more complex scenarios of natural selection are presented.
Chapter 7 deals with random genetic drift. In the absence of other forces, allele and genotype frequencies change as result of random sampling from one generation to another. The Wright-Fisher model and diffusion approximations are presented in such a way that the student gains an appreciation for the importance of random genetic drift. The process of the coalescence of genealogies is an important innovation in theoretical population genetics, and some of the basic concepts of coalescence are presented in Chapter 7.
In Chapter 8 we cover the rapidly expanding data on molecular evolutionary genetics. The unifying theme in the study of molecular evolution is Kimura’s neutral theory, and a close examination is make of the correspondence between the data and theory. This is a field in which advances in our empirical database and statistical tools for quantifying and manipulating the data are growing at a dizzying pace. Our goal is to give the student a firm grasp of the fundamentals, and a deep enough understanding of the principles to identify important gaps in our knowledge. One intriguing aspect of molecular evolutionary genetics is the discovery of new phenomena and forces taking place at the molecular level that go beyond the realm of classical population genetics. Multigene families and organelle genomes are described in some detail to illustrate these uniquely molecular phenomena.
Chapter 9 covers the problem of quantitative genetics from an evolutionary perspective. A compelling argument for using quantitative genetics for the study of evolution is that adaptive evolution takes place at the level of the phenotype, and quantitative genetics provides the tools for understanding transmission of phenotypic traits. Theoretical quantitative genetics is given special importance by the paradoxes it raises in contrasting evolution at the levels of the phenotype and of the DNA sequence. Our understanding of the correspondence between phenotypic and molecular differentiation is very incomplete, and our understanding of the correspondence between the rates of morphological and molecular evolution is even less well developed. As in the preceding chapters, we hope that the student is left with a feeling that there is plenty of room for imaginative work in this area. Population genetics is a field with a bright and expanding future.
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价49.99英镑
作者：Daniel L. Hartl and Andrew G. Clark
DH: Harvard University
AC: Pennsylvania State University
Preface
Thanks in part to the power of molecular methods, population genetics has been reinvigorated. As some genome projects are approaching closure and methods of “functional genomics” are scaling up to identify the roles of novel genes; inevitably increasing attention is being paid to the significance of genetic variation in populations. Nowhere is this more evident than in medical genetics. Within a decade we can expect that all major single-gene inherited disorders will be identified, genetically mapped, cloned, and characterized at a fine molecular level. Health professional realize that this impressive feat will have an impact only on a small minority of individuals. Most of the genetic variation in disease risk is multifactorial, which means that risk is determined by multiple genetic and environmental factors acting together. Killer diseases such as familial forms of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease fall into this category. The face that these disease aggregate in families implies that there is probably a genetic component, but the genetic component may differ from one family or ethnic group to another. Prompted by the high incidence of multifactorial diseases as a group, the medical community has become acutely aware of the need to understand the basic structure of genetic variation in populations in order to determine what aspects of the variation cause disease.
The exciting practical applications of population genetics to the analysis of multifactorial diseases have received great attention, but the scope of population genetics actually is much broader. Population genetics provides the genetic underpinning for all of evolutionary biology. By “evolution” we mean descent with modification as they adapt to their environments, and new species arise as a by-product of this process. The intellectual excitement of biological evolution arises from the fact that it addresses the fundamental questions, “hat are we?” and “where did we come from?”
Patterns of evolutionary history are recorded in DNA sequences, and the application of population genetics to interpreting DNA sequences is revealing many secrets about the evolutionary past, including the history of our own species. But population genetics embraces much more than the analysis of evolutionary relationships. It is particularly concerned with the processes and mechanisms by which evolutionary changes are made. The field is inherently multidisciplinary, cutting across molecular biology, systematics, natural history, plant breeding, animal breeding, conservation and wildlife management, human genetics, sociology, anthropology, mathematics, and statistics.
Students taking population genetics are usually expected to have completed, or to be taking concurrently, a course in differential calculus. While this book assumes a familiarity with the elementary notation for differentials and integrals, it does not require great mathematical proficiency. We have kept the mathematics to a minimum. On the other hand, some of the most important models in population genetics require quite advanced mathematics. Rather than ignore these approaches, we have made a concerted effort to present these models in such a way that the assumptions can be understood and the main results appreciated without much mathematics. References are provided for the interested reader to learn more about the details.
Several important changes distinguish the third edition of Principles from the second edition. The level of the treatment is more tailored to the needs of a one-semester or one-quarter course, with the intended audience being third- and forth-year undergraduates as well as beginning graduate students. Population genetics is not only an experimental science but also a theoretical one. Special care has been taken to explain the biological motivation behind the theoretical models so that the models do not simply materialized out of thin air, and to explain in plain English the implications of the results. Many concepts are illustrated by numerical examples, using actual data wherever possible. Special topics and examples are often set off from the text as boxed problems whose solutions are explained step by step. Every chapter ends with about 20 problems, graded in difficulty, and solutions worked in full appear at the end of the text.
This edition of Principles is organized into nine chapters that gradually build concepts from measuring variation and the various forces that influence genetic variation through a sequential progression to concepts from measuring variation and the various forces that influence genetic variation through a sequential progression to concepts of molecular population genetics and quantitative genetics and quantitative genetics. The first chapter provides a background in basic genetic and statistical principles. We discuss the fundamental concepts of allelism, dominance, segregating, recombination, and population frequencies. The role of model building and testing in population genetics is emphasized. Chapter 2 introduces the student to the primary data of population genetics, namely, the many levels of genetic variation. Chapter 3 is concerned with the organization of genetic variation. Chapter 3 is concerned with the organization of genetic variation into genotypes in populations. Here the Hardy-Weinberg principle gets very thorough coverate, including the cases of X-linkage and multiple alleles. Chapter 4
The goal of population genetics is to understand the forces that have an impact on levels of genetic variation. The forces of mutation, recombination, and migration are outlined in Chapter 5. Darwinian selection is the topic of Chapter 6, including both the theoretical foundations and empirical observations of the dynamics of gene-frequency change under the action of selection. Haploid and diploid cases are developed, as are the concepts of equilibrium, stability, and context dependence. After classical models of mutation-selection balance are developed, a series of more complex scenarios of natural selection are presented.
Chapter 7 deals with random genetic drift. In the absence of other forces, allele and genotype frequencies change as result of random sampling from one generation to another. The Wright-Fisher model and diffusion approximations are presented in such a way that the student gains an appreciation for the importance of random genetic drift. The process of the coalescence of genealogies is an important innovation in theoretical population genetics, and some of the basic concepts of coalescence are presented in Chapter 7.
In Chapter 8 we cover the rapidly expanding data on molecular evolutionary genetics. The unifying theme in the study of molecular evolution is Kimura’s neutral theory, and a close examination is make of the correspondence between the data and theory. This is a field in which advances in our empirical database and statistical tools for quantifying and manipulating the data are growing at a dizzying pace. Our goal is to give the student a firm grasp of the fundamentals, and a deep enough understanding of the principles to identify important gaps in our knowledge. One intriguing aspect of molecular evolutionary genetics is the discovery of new phenomena and forces taking place at the molecular level that go beyond the realm of classical population genetics. Multigene families and organelle genomes are described in some detail to illustrate these uniquely molecular phenomena.
Chapter 9 covers the problem of quantitative genetics from an evolutionary perspective. A compelling argument for using quantitative genetics for the study of evolution is that adaptive evolution takes place at the level of the phenotype, and quantitative genetics provides the tools for understanding transmission of phenotypic traits. Theoretical quantitative genetics is given special importance by the paradoxes it raises in contrasting evolution at the levels of the phenotype and of the DNA sequence. Our understanding of the correspondence between phenotypic and molecular differentiation is very incomplete, and our understanding of the correspondence between the rates of morphological and molecular evolution is even less well developed. As in the preceding chapters, we hope that the student is left with a feeling that there is plenty of room for imaginative work in this area. Population genetics is a field with a bright and expanding future.
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价49.99英镑
遗传学 (instant notes 系列) 2nd edtion
书名：Instant Notes Genetics (2nd edition)
作者：P. C. Winter, G. I. Hickey and H. L. Fletcher
PW: Department of Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
GH: Science Department, St. Mary’s University College, Belfast, UK
HF: School of Biology & Biochemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
Preface
Since the first edition, we have learned that humans have about 30 000 to 40 000 genes (it really is that accurate) compared to 26 000 in a plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, 19 000 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, 13 600 in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and 5 800 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisie. If you know where in the human genome to look, the hard sequencing work is probably done for you. If you know how to use the data, you can make money. We have updated some sections to reflect the rapid advances made in the science of genetics, and have also increased the coverage of genetics related to us humans and our society. Some modern technology used to identify and study genetic diseases have been included (DNA microchips and real time PCR) and bioinformatics introduces the computerized analysis of the wealth of data from systematic genome sequencing and protein analysis. The old section “ Applications of Genetics” have been split into Human Genetics and Genetics and Society. The former has more details of genetic disorders, and a new topic, epigenetics, about persistent, even heritable, changes in gene expression without changes in DNA sequence. It is these that make the process of cloning animals so unpredictable. Genetics and society includes topics causing public concern. There is an updated section on the Human Genome Mapping Project, and Transgenics (Genetically Modified Organisms) are now a separate topic. Ethical Issues have become a new topic to assist readers to make up your own minds about what controls you would like to see imposed. We have concentrated on providing the factual scientific information and the questions, argument and dilemmas which must be faced by anyone trying to decide what is right or wrong in the uses of modern genetics. The pace of advances in genetics has not slackened, and the applications of genome sequence data will continue to have a large effect on our lives for several decades.
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价16.99英镑
作者：P. C. Winter, G. I. Hickey and H. L. Fletcher
PW: Department of Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
GH: Science Department, St. Mary’s University College, Belfast, UK
HF: School of Biology & Biochemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
Preface
Since the first edition, we have learned that humans have about 30 000 to 40 000 genes (it really is that accurate) compared to 26 000 in a plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, 19 000 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, 13 600 in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and 5 800 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisie. If you know where in the human genome to look, the hard sequencing work is probably done for you. If you know how to use the data, you can make money. We have updated some sections to reflect the rapid advances made in the science of genetics, and have also increased the coverage of genetics related to us humans and our society. Some modern technology used to identify and study genetic diseases have been included (DNA microchips and real time PCR) and bioinformatics introduces the computerized analysis of the wealth of data from systematic genome sequencing and protein analysis. The old section “ Applications of Genetics” have been split into Human Genetics and Genetics and Society. The former has more details of genetic disorders, and a new topic, epigenetics, about persistent, even heritable, changes in gene expression without changes in DNA sequence. It is these that make the process of cloning animals so unpredictable. Genetics and society includes topics causing public concern. There is an updated section on the Human Genome Mapping Project, and Transgenics (Genetically Modified Organisms) are now a separate topic. Ethical Issues have become a new topic to assist readers to make up your own minds about what controls you would like to see imposed. We have concentrated on providing the factual scientific information and the questions, argument and dilemmas which must be faced by anyone trying to decide what is right or wrong in the uses of modern genetics. The pace of advances in genetics has not slackened, and the applications of genome sequence data will continue to have a large effect on our lives for several decades.
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价16.99英镑
数量遗传学导论
书名：Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (4th edition)
作者：D. S. Falconer & Trudy F. C. Mackay
DF: Formerly with Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh
TM: Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University
Preface to the fourth edition:
Quantitative genetics is now merging with molecular genetics and this very active area of the subject needs more consideration than it was given in the previous edition. Accordingly, a new chapter has been added, on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) – the location and characterization of the genes causing quantitative variation. Chapter 20, on natural selection, has been largely rewritten, with fuller treatment of mutation and the maintenance of genetic variation; we hope these additions will make the book more useful to students of evolutionary quantitative genetics. In the earlier chapters, the treatment of polymorphism and of neutral mutation has been expanded, and some sections in the chapters on inbreeding have been shortened.
We gratefully acknowledge advice from Dr James D. Fry, Professor W. G. Hill, Dr Peter D. Keightley, Dr Mark Kirkpatrick and Dr Michael Turelli. We are indebted also to Dr Richard Lyman for producing Figures 21.3and 21.4, and to Dr Hartwig H. Geiger for pointing out an error in equation [15.8], which has now been corrected. Finally, the first author is most grateful to Professor Hill for the hospitality provided in his laboratory.
D. S. Falconer
T. F. C. Mackay
March 1995
Preface to the third edition
This book was written with the intention of providing an introductory textbook, with the emphasis on general principles rather than on practical applications. I tried to make the book useful to as wide a range of readers as possible, particularly biologists who, like myself, have no more than ordinary mathematical ability. The mathematics does not go beyond simple algebra; neither calculus nor matrix methods are used. Some knowledge of statistics, however, is assumed, particularly of the analysis of variance and of correlation and regression.
The second edition kept the same structure but was somewhat enlarged by the inclusion of developments in the intervening twenty years, and by more attention being given to plants. In consequence the book came to contain a good deal more material than is needed by those for whom the subject is part of a course on general genetics. The section headings, however, should facilitate the selection of what is relevant. My main regret then, as it is now, was the impossibility of mentioning more than a very few of the experimental studies that have illuminated the subject since the book first appeared.
The revisions made in this new edition are less extensive. The desire not to increase the length of the book has meant that many of the recent developments are noted by little more than references to the sources. The demonstration that mutation is not negligible for quantitative genetics has, however, necessitated more substantial revision of Chapter 12 and to a lesser extent Chapters 15 and 20.
The problems, which were hitherto published separately, are now put together with the text, following the chapters to which they refer. They are of varying difficulty and I hope that all students will find some that they can solve immediately and some also that will tax their ingenuity to the full. Some of the problems are based on the data and solutions of earlier ones. Students are therefore advised to keep their workings for later used; this will save the repetition of calculations. I have based the problems on real data wherever I could, to make them more interesting and realistic. In consequence, however, the arithmetic seldom works out simply, and a pocket calculator will be needed for most of them. a few of the problems have been revised for this edition. The solutions are at the end of the book, arranged in a different order from the problems so as to avoid the risk of inadvertently seeing the solution of the next problem. The solutions are not simply answers but give fairly full explanations of how the problems are solved.
Acknowledgements It is not exaggeration to say that this book could not originally have been written without the help of Professor Alan Robertson. My understanding of the subject grew from my frequent discussions with him. I owe the same debt of gratitude to Professor W. G. Hill for his guidance on the preparation of the second, and now this, edition. Without his advice many of the revisions could not have been attempted. Dr. R. C. Roberts read the manuscripts of the first and second editions and his suggestions led to many improvements being made. Dr paul M. Sharp checked the solutions of all the problems and made many valuable suggestions. I have had help also from many other colleagues who have advised me on particular matters. To all of these, and to my wife who helped me in many ways, I am deeply grateful. The mistakes and misunderstandings that remain are entirely my own. I should be grateful to be told of these.
D. S. Falconer
February 1988
Department of Genetics
West Mains Road
Edinburgh, EH9 3JN
Scotland
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价42.99英镑
作者：D. S. Falconer & Trudy F. C. Mackay
DF: Formerly with Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh
TM: Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University
Preface to the fourth edition:
Quantitative genetics is now merging with molecular genetics and this very active area of the subject needs more consideration than it was given in the previous edition. Accordingly, a new chapter has been added, on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) – the location and characterization of the genes causing quantitative variation. Chapter 20, on natural selection, has been largely rewritten, with fuller treatment of mutation and the maintenance of genetic variation; we hope these additions will make the book more useful to students of evolutionary quantitative genetics. In the earlier chapters, the treatment of polymorphism and of neutral mutation has been expanded, and some sections in the chapters on inbreeding have been shortened.
We gratefully acknowledge advice from Dr James D. Fry, Professor W. G. Hill, Dr Peter D. Keightley, Dr Mark Kirkpatrick and Dr Michael Turelli. We are indebted also to Dr Richard Lyman for producing Figures 21.3and 21.4, and to Dr Hartwig H. Geiger for pointing out an error in equation [15.8], which has now been corrected. Finally, the first author is most grateful to Professor Hill for the hospitality provided in his laboratory.
D. S. Falconer
T. F. C. Mackay
March 1995
Preface to the third edition
This book was written with the intention of providing an introductory textbook, with the emphasis on general principles rather than on practical applications. I tried to make the book useful to as wide a range of readers as possible, particularly biologists who, like myself, have no more than ordinary mathematical ability. The mathematics does not go beyond simple algebra; neither calculus nor matrix methods are used. Some knowledge of statistics, however, is assumed, particularly of the analysis of variance and of correlation and regression.
The second edition kept the same structure but was somewhat enlarged by the inclusion of developments in the intervening twenty years, and by more attention being given to plants. In consequence the book came to contain a good deal more material than is needed by those for whom the subject is part of a course on general genetics. The section headings, however, should facilitate the selection of what is relevant. My main regret then, as it is now, was the impossibility of mentioning more than a very few of the experimental studies that have illuminated the subject since the book first appeared.
The revisions made in this new edition are less extensive. The desire not to increase the length of the book has meant that many of the recent developments are noted by little more than references to the sources. The demonstration that mutation is not negligible for quantitative genetics has, however, necessitated more substantial revision of Chapter 12 and to a lesser extent Chapters 15 and 20.
The problems, which were hitherto published separately, are now put together with the text, following the chapters to which they refer. They are of varying difficulty and I hope that all students will find some that they can solve immediately and some also that will tax their ingenuity to the full. Some of the problems are based on the data and solutions of earlier ones. Students are therefore advised to keep their workings for later used; this will save the repetition of calculations. I have based the problems on real data wherever I could, to make them more interesting and realistic. In consequence, however, the arithmetic seldom works out simply, and a pocket calculator will be needed for most of them. a few of the problems have been revised for this edition. The solutions are at the end of the book, arranged in a different order from the problems so as to avoid the risk of inadvertently seeing the solution of the next problem. The solutions are not simply answers but give fairly full explanations of how the problems are solved.
Acknowledgements It is not exaggeration to say that this book could not originally have been written without the help of Professor Alan Robertson. My understanding of the subject grew from my frequent discussions with him. I owe the same debt of gratitude to Professor W. G. Hill for his guidance on the preparation of the second, and now this, edition. Without his advice many of the revisions could not have been attempted. Dr. R. C. Roberts read the manuscripts of the first and second editions and his suggestions led to many improvements being made. Dr paul M. Sharp checked the solutions of all the problems and made many valuable suggestions. I have had help also from many other colleagues who have advised me on particular matters. To all of these, and to my wife who helped me in many ways, I am deeply grateful. The mistakes and misunderstandings that remain are entirely my own. I should be grateful to be told of these.
D. S. Falconer
February 1988
Department of Genetics
West Mains Road
Edinburgh, EH9 3JN
Scotland
其他：购于爱丁堡，定价42.99英镑
订阅：
博文 (Atom)