按:AA是英国最大的道路保险公司,我以前从他们那里买过保险。以下是他们网站上给出的驾车省油建议。我粗略地做了翻译,希望对国内网友有帮助。原文见(
http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/fuels-and-environment/drive-smart.html)。
我03年首先从英国拿的驾照,之后不想把英国驾照交给中国有司,于是06年又在中国考了一次驾照。从那里我才知道世界上最大的杀手培训基地其实是在中国。
Eco-driving advice
经济驾车建议(中英文对照)
Fuel consumption has a lot to do with the car you buy, but whatever you drive there are things you can do to save money and reduce energy use, CO2 emissions and pollution.
油耗与你所买的车有关,但不管你开什么车,你总可以做些事情来省钱,省能源、二氧化碳排放和污染。
These eco-driving tips are the motoring equivalent of insulating the hot water tank, fitting low-energy bulbs and not leaving the television on standby.
这些经济驾驶小贴士所教给你的类似让你把家中的贮热水罐做好隔热,安装灯泡的瓦数小一点和不要把电视放在待机状态一样。
They are simple ideas that really will make a difference.
这些简单的主意真可以起作用。
Save more than 10% on fuel
省10%的油
When 50 AA employees took part in an eco-driving experiment with Auto Express magazine they saved an average 10% on their weekly fuel bills, with the best achieving an incredible 33% saving.
曾经有五十个 AA 雇员参加了 Auto Express 杂志举办的经济驾驶试验,他们比平时平均省了10%的油,最厉害的那位省了 33%。
Each drove normally for the first week and then applied our advice (below) to see how much they could save in the second week...
他们第一周都是照常驾驶,然后他们采用了我们下面的建议,来看看第二周能省多少。
Maintenance
保养
Servicing: get the car serviced regularly (according to the manufacturer's schedule) to maintain engine efficiency
维修:(根据厂家规定的日程)定期维修汽车,以保证发动机的效率。
Engine oil: make sure you use the right specification of engine oil (check the handbook)
机油:(查手册)确保机油型号匹配。
Tyres: check tyre pressures regularly and before long journeys; under-inflated tyres create more rolling resistance and so use more fuel (check the handbook and increase pressures for heavier loads as recommended)
轮胎:经常检查轮胎的压力,出远门时也要检查。压力不够行车阻力打,因而更耗油(查手册,如果拉的多,压力按手册要求适当增加)
Before you go
出行前
Lose weight: extra weight means extra fuel so if there's anything in the boot you don't need on the journey take it out
减轻重量:额外的重量意味着额外的油耗,因此如果后备箱的东西旅行时用不着就把它们拿出来。
Streamline: roof-racks and boxes add wind resistance and so increase fuel consumption. If you don't need it take it off – if you do, pack carefully to reduce drag
流线:车顶的箱子等东西增加风阻,因而增加油耗。如果不需要就把它们拿下来,如果必须要,那么就要仔细安装以降低风阻。
Leave promptly: don't start the engine until you're ready to go as idling wastes fuel and the engine warms up more quickly when you're moving; in the winter, scrape ice rather than leave the car idling to warm up
马上离开:如果不走就不要打开发动机。怠速费油,开车时热车更快。冬天,刮冰之后再启动车。
Don't get lost: plan unfamiliar journeys to reduce the risk of getting lost and check the traffic news before you leave
别迷路:如果道路不熟就事先做好功课,这样防止迷路。另外出门前检查一下交通状况。
Combine short trips: cold starts use more fuel so it pays to combine errands such as buying the paper, dropping off the recycling, or collecting the kids
一途多目的:冷启动多耗油,因此尽量一路干多件事情,比如买报纸、扔垃圾或接孩子。
Consider alternatives: if it's a short journey (a couple of miles or so) could you walk or cycle rather than taking the car?
考虑不开车:如果目的地不远(约几公里)你能不能步行或者骑自行车,而不是开车?
En route
在路上
Easy does it: drive smoothly, accelerate gently and read the road ahead to avoid unnecessary braking
柔和:平滑驾驶,柔和加速,好好看路以避免不必要的刹车。
Decelerate smoothly: when you have to slow down or to stop, decelerate smoothly by releasing the accelerator in time, leaving the car in gear
平滑减速:当你必须减速或停车,及时松开油门减速,不要摘档。
Rolling: if you can keep the car moving all the time, so much the better; stopping then starting again uses more fuel than rolling
动:如果能让车总是在动的状态,那么最好。停车启动比动的车更费油。
Change up earlier: don't labour the engine but try changing up at an engine speed of around 2,000 rpm in a diesel car or around 2,500 rpm in a petrol car. This can make such a difference that all cars in the future are likely to be fitted with a 'Gear Shift indicator' light to show the most efficient gear change points.
早换档:柴油车 2000 转换档,汽油车 2500 转换档。未来的车将都配置换档提示灯,告诉你什么时候换档最合适。
Cut down on the air-con: air-conditioning increases fuel consumption at low speeds, but at higher speeds the effects are less noticeable. So if it's a hot day open the windows around town and save the air conditioning for high speed driving. Don't leave air-con on all the time but aim to run it at least once a week throughout the year to maintain the system in good condition.
少用空调:低速时,空调消耗更多的油,但高速时关闭空调省油不明显。因此热天在城里开车可以打开窗户,到高速的时候再打开空调。不要总开空调。但一年当中每周至少开一次以保证系统的状态。
Turn it off: electrical loads increase fuel consumption, so turn off your heated rear windscreen, demister blowers and headlights, when you don't need them
关掉它:电子设备增加油耗,因此如果不用,关掉后挡风玻璃的加热器、除雾器和前大灯。
Stick to speed limits: the faster you go the greater the fuel consumption and pollution. Driving at 70mph uses up to 9% more fuel than at 60mph and up to 15% more than at 50mph. Cruising at 80mph can use up to 25% more fuel than at 70mph.
紧跟限速:车行越快,耗油和污染越多。开 112 公里/小时比 80 公里每小时多耗 15% 的油。开 128 公里/小时比开 112 公里/小时多耗 25% 的油。
Don't be idle: if you do get caught in a queue, avoid wasting fuel – turn the engine off if it looks like you could be waiting for more than three minutes.
不要空转:如果堵车,如果3分钟内不能动弹那么就把发动机关掉。
Coasting
滑行
Although it used to be quite a common practice to save fuel, rolling downhill or approaching a junction with the car out of gear is inadvisable because the driver doesn't have full control of the vehicle
过去通过滑行来省油很常见。下坡或者接近路口空档滑行是不可取的,因为你失去了对车的完全控制。
You lose the ability to suddenly accelerate out of tricky situations.
你失去了马上加速离开险地的能力
You lose engine braking which risks brake fade on downhill stretches – overheated brakes require harder pedal pressures to stop the vehicle.
下坡时,你(因滑行)而不能用发动机减速,这同时导致刹车失灵--因刹车片过热,你需要更用力地踩刹车来制动汽车。
With changes in vehicle fuel systems coasting won't save you fuel these days either.
现今,由于汽车给油系统的变化,滑行并不能省油。
Old car with a carburettor – take your foot off the accelerator pedal with the car in gear and fuel is still drawn through into the engine. Fuel savings could be made by coasting out of gear.
老式汽车使用化油器,即使不踩油门,油仍然不停地供给发动机。这时候空档滑行时可以省油的。
Modern car with electronic engine management – fuel and ignition systems are effectively combined and controlled by one Electronic Control Unit (ECU). Take your foot off the accelerator and the ECU cuts the fuel supply to the injectors anyway so there's nothing to be gained by coasting.
新式汽车有电子发动机管理,给油和打火系统有效地结合在一起,并由一个电子控制单元(ECU)控制。松开油门,ECU就停止供油。因此空档滑行并不省油。
Modern diesel engines also have the ability to shut off the fuel when you take your foot off the accelerator.
新式柴油车在松开油门的时候也能够停止供油。
How much can you save?
你能省多少?
(以下计算油耗方法略)
(11 March 2013)